The model for Spanish interconnections

PyPSA-Spain includes a functionality to model power interconnections with neighbouring countries.

The current interconnection model is a slight improvement on the one described in the seminal paper [1].

All the required elements are added during the rule prepare_network. The model comprises two groups of elements, neighbouring_countries and interconnections.

Neighbouring countries

For each neighbouring country, a set of elements is included:

• a bus (called country bus).

• a generator, with marginal_cost defined in the pypsa-spain module of the config file.

• a load.

The characteristics of these elements are defined in file data_ES/interconnections/neighbouring_countries.yaml

Interconnections

For each interconnection with a neighbouring country, a set of elements is included:

• a bus (called, border bus).

• two links (one export and one import) between the border bus and the closest node of the Spanish network.

• a link between the border bus and the country bus.

The characteristics of these elements are defined in the file data_ES/interconnections/interconnections.yaml

[1]

Cristobal Gallego-Castillo and Marta Victoria. Pypsa-spain: an extension of pypsa-eur to model the spanish energy system. Energy Strategy Reviews, 60:101764, 2025. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2025.101764.